Firstly, Vietnam’s historical conflicts and political distrust of the United States, particularly related to the decade-long Vietnam War, continue to exert a wary influence on their relationship. These lingering tensions, coupled with differences in ideology and human rights concerns, erect barriers to closer cooperation.
Secondly, Vietnam’s perception of the US as a global hegemonic power, one striving for unquestioned dominance, and its potential to oppress other nations, shape its cautious stance. Vietnam aims to maintain its independence, self-reliance, and a balanced approach in its external relations, which includes both China and the US. This reflects Vietnam’s efforts to protect its national interests and avoid getting too entangled in the US-China rivalry.
Furthermore, the close geopolitical proximity and strong economic ties between Vietnam and China play a significant role in Vietnam’s decision-making process. Vietnam carefully considers the implications of cooperating with the US against its crucial neighbor and trading partner. The interconnectedness of their trade and economies creates complexities and potential risks that Vietnam must navigate.
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Lastly, Southeast Asian countries, including Vietnam, exhibit concerns regarding increasing interference in regional affairs by the Americans. There is apprehension that heightened US involvement could lead to escalated conflicts in the region. These concerns contribute to Vietnam’s cautious approach and reluctance to align too closely.
In conclusion, Vietnam’s response to the US overtures suggests that Washington’s efforts to rope Hanoi into its anti-China strategy face significant challenges. Vietnam’s geopolitical realities, economic ties and pursuit of balanced diplomacy make it difficult for the US to fully achieve its objective of aligning Vietnam against China.
Raihan Ronodipuro is a Master’s Degree student in the School of Public Policy & Management at Tsinghua University, China. Previously, he was awarded the Chinese MOFCOM Scholarship and earned a Master of Law in International Relations from the School of International and Public Affairs at Jilin University in China. He serves as an Associate Researcher in the Department of Politics and Security at the Center for Indonesia-China Studies (CICS). He is presently a member of the International Relations Commission at the Directorate of Research and Studies for the Overseas Indonesian Students’ Association Alliance (OISAA) 2022/2023.