With a note, if the country only wants to ratify one of the protocols, the country is required to ratify the convention first with the intention that the ratifying country can understand the contents of the protocol which is in line with the objectives of the convention. After the ratification process of one of those conventions including UNTOC, the parties have the obligation to adopt the convention to the national regulations or law.
The crime of human trafficking is contained in the first protocol of the UNTOC convention which consists of 4 elements. First, it contains general provisions regarding the crime of human trafficking which consists of 5 articles. Second, provisions for the protection of victims of human trafficking 3 articles. Third, prevention efforts, cooperation, and other actions as many as 5 articles. Finally, the final provisions are 7 articles which contain dispute settlement mechanisms, ratification, validity periods, amendments, complaints, and provisions for the use of language and storage (UNODC, 2004).
National Regulations On Human Trafficking Crimes In Indonesia And Other Efforts As An Implementation of UNTOC
Indonesia ratified the convention on preventing transnational organized crime on April 20, 2009, and completed its ratification process on September 28, 2009 by ratifying a protocol to prevent, suppress and punish perpetrators of human trafficking practices and protocols for smuggling migrants by land, sea, and air.
This adoption uses Law No. 37 of 1999 concerning foreign relations, Law No. 24 of 2000 concerning international agreements, Law No. 23 of 2002 concerning child protection, Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the crime of trafficking in persons, and Law Number 5 concerning the ratification of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime as legal review owned by Indonesia.
The adoption of the protocol was carried out through Law No. 14 of 2009 concerning ratification of related protocols, followed by the establishment of presidential regulation no. 69 of 2008 concerning Before her visit to China, US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen was keen to hold a meeting with business leaders in the US-Chinese Business Council, last June 2023, in which she acknowledged the importance of promoting trade and investment with China, given the deep integration between the two economies.
It is also expected that the United States of America will study during the task force for the prevention and control of the crime of trafficking in persons, which was subsequently replaced by Presidential Decree No. 22 of 2021. The task force formed under this ministry functions as a coordinating agency in the prevention and handling of the crime of trafficking in persons which is divided into several levels, namely at the national, provincial, and city or district levels while still forming coordination between them and several other ministries.
In addition to legalization efforts and national actions, the Indonesian government is also working to strengthen its foreign cooperation in the field of preventing human trafficking. For example, through the activeness in ratifying the convention on human trafficking at the ASEAN level (ASEAN Convention on Trafficking in Persons) which was inaugurated on 21 November 2015 and took effect in March 2017 (ASEAN, 2015).
In addition, the Indonesian government also establishes bilateral cooperation with countries that have the same concern in human trafficking crimes, including the United Arab Emirates government in 2015 and cooperation in the field of human trafficking and smuggling with Australia in 2010.